Executive Functions
What are Executive Functions?
Executive functions (EF) are often compared to the conductor of an orchestra. I like to describe them as the brain’s internal control panel. They are a set of mental skills that help us plan, organize, focus, regulate emotions, manage multiple tasks, and follow through on goals (and so much more!).
According to clinical psychologist Dr. Thomas Brown, executive function challenges typically don’t stem from a lack of intelligence or motivation, but from difficulties in six interconnected areas: activation, focus, effort, emotion, memory, and action. These skills work together to shape how we manage both daily tasks and long-term responsibilities.
In short, executive functions shape how we show up in the world. When these skills are well-supported, we’re more likely to feel organized, confident, and grounded. When they are challenged, even everyday tasks can take more effort, energy, and creativity.
The good news? Executive function skills can improve at any age. With the right tools, strategies, and support, people of all ages can strengthen these abilities in ways that align with how their brains naturally work.
Individuals with ADHD often experience more pronounced and persistent executive function challenges. As Dr. Brown notes, this isn’t about lack of willpower or intelligence, it’s about how the brain processes and manages information.
Additional Executive Function Insights
- Executive function skills don’t all develop at once. They build over time, with one skill laying the foundation for the next. These skills work together and influence how we regulate behavior, make decisions, and create positive outcomes for the future.
- We all have executive function strengths and challenges that shape how we learn, work, and navigate daily life.
- Executive function differences are not something we outgrow and these skills can be strengthened at any age.
- With practice, awareness, and experimentation, we can discover tools and strategies that work for how we think and live.
