Helpful Definitions

1. Neurodiversity

Neurodiversity refers to the natural variation in how human brains function.  These differences are not deficits.  They are a natural part of how human brains work and an important source of strength, creativity, and diversity in our communities.  The term was first introduced by autism activist Judy Singer, who compared it to biodiversity: just as ecosystems thrive through variety, so do communities, classrooms, and workplaces. Neurodiversity is shaped by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. 

Over time, the language around neurodiversity has expanded. You may hear terms like:

• Neurodivergent
• Neuro Minority
• Neuro Spicy (a playful, informal term some individuals use to describe their experience)

2. Neurodivergent

The terms neurodiverse and neurodivergent are often used interchangeably, but they have different meanings:

• Neurodiverse describes a group, like a classroom, community, or team, that includes people with different ways of thinking, learning, or processing.
• Neurodivergent refers to an individual who learns, experiences and processes the world in a way that’s different from most.

3. Comorbid and Co-Occurring Conditions

It’s common for neurodivergent individuals to experience more than one challenge at the same time.  For example, someone with ADHD may also experience anxiety or depression.  These overlapping experiences are called comorbidities or co-occurring conditions.  They can add layers of complexity, but they also offer important insight into how someone thinks, feels, and navigates daily life.

4. Spectrum 

Every neurodivergent condition exists on a spectrum or range.  That means there’s no single or “typical” way someone with a particular condition thinks, learns, communicates, or interacts with the world.  These experiences can look very different from one person to another, and those differences shape how they navigate their environment, relationships, and daily responsibilities.

That is why coaching needs to be flexible and personalized, there’s no one-size-fits-all approach.

5. Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to change and adapt over time by forming new neurons and creating new pathways.  For many years,  people believed the brain couldn’t change after childhood, but we now know that’s not true.  The brain continues to reshape itself based on what we do, think, and learn.  While this ability may slow with age, it never stops.  The more we challenge our brains, through movement, mindfulness, and learning, the stronger and more adaptable they become.